Impure by default, pure with great difficulty (Fortran, Modula-2, C, Java, C#).

Pure by default, impure if you choose (Scala, SML, F#).

Pure by mandate (Haskell, Clean).

Scala is developed by the EPFL^[8] in Switzerland and is an open source project.

Scala appeals to OO and functional programming, while also catering to existing legacy Java. Scala is not a functional programming language in the true sense, but is in the popular sense (i.e. first-class functions).

Scala compiles to .class files and transparently uses any Java-compiled library or jar file.

Scala will not force us to divorce side-effects so be aware!